What are pathogens known for?

Pathogens are primarily recognized for being disease-causing microorganisms. They include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and other microorganisms that can lead to diseases in humans and animals. The presence of pathogens in water is a significant concern for public health and safety, as they can enter water supplies through contamination and lead to outbreaks of diseases such as cholera, hepatitis A, and giardiasis. Effective water treatment processes are essential to eliminate or reduce the risk of pathogens, ensuring that water is safe for consumption.

In contrast, the other aspects mentioned, such as causing water discoloration, unpleasant odors, or increasing water hardness, relate to different water quality issues. For instance, discoloration might stem from suspended particles, organic matter, or minerals, while odors may arise from decaying organic matter or certain chemicals. Water hardness is influenced by the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, not by microorganisms. Therefore, understanding the role of pathogens is crucial in water treatment and public health discussions.