Which of the following characteristics are classified as chemical characteristics?

The classification of characteristics as chemical attributes refers specifically to the intrinsic properties of the water that are related to its chemical composition and how it interacts with other substances. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water, indicating the concentration of hydrogen ions present, which significantly affects chemical reactions in water. Hardness, on the other hand, is influenced by the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the water, impacting its behavior and suitability for various uses, including human consumption and industrial applications.

In contrast, color and temperature fall under physical characteristics, suspended solids and turbidity are also related to the physical aspects of water quality, and physical appearance encompasses various observable traits rather than chemical properties. Therefore, the identified characteristics of pH and hardness are fundamentally linked to the chemical makeup of the water, making them the correct representation of chemical characteristics.